What is the definition of insanity as an affirmative defense?

The definition of insanity as an affirmative defense is accurately captured by stating that the actor did not understand their conduct was wrong due to mental illness. This means that the individual lacked the mental capacity to differentiate right from wrong at the time of the offense. In the legal context, this understanding is crucial because it signifies that mental illness impairs one's ability to comprehend the nature of their actions or recognize the moral or legal implications of those actions.

In cases where insanity is successfully invoked as a defense, the burden is typically on the defendant to demonstrate that their mental illness prevented them from having the requisite intent or understanding that underlies the criminal charge. This aligns closely with the standards set forth in various jurisdictions regarding the assessment of insanity in criminal cases, often based on tests such as the M'Naghten Rule.

The other options describe various states or conditions that do not meet the legal definition of insanity. For instance, extreme emotion does not negate understanding the wrongfulness of actions, merely influencing decisions. Similarly, knowingly committing a crime excludes the possibility of claiming insanity since it implies awareness of the wrongdoing. Lastly, acting in a confusing situation does not equate to a lack of understanding regarding the nature of one's conduct. Thus, the correct answer emphasizes the crucial component of