Who is considered criminally responsible as a party to an offense?

The correct choice recognizes that criminal responsibility can extend beyond just those who directly commit a criminal act. In the context of the penal code, a person may be found criminally responsible as a party to an offense if they are involved in some capacity, either through their own actions or by assisting, encouraging, or engaging with the conduct of others involved in the crime. This principle aligns with the concept of accomplice liability, where individuals can be held accountable for crimes even if they did not physically carry out the illegal act themselves, provided they were part of the criminal plan or supported the execution of the crime in some way.

The options indicating that only those who witness a crime, only those who actually commit the act, or only individuals with a legal role are accountable do not capture the broader definition of criminal responsibility as outlined in penal law. Criminal liability is aimed at ensuring that all individuals who contribute to the commission of a crime, whether actively or passively, can be held accountable under the law.